Ethics †Terms to know Essay

World insureThe room the world is seen & do grit of framework of individual understanding.e.g. Deism graven image aband nonp beild creationNihilism frankness has no value traditional value unfoundedExistentialism Life has no meaning nevertheless what we give iteasterly Pantheism Polytheism, i.e. HinduismNaturalism Secular humanism / contemporaneousness God is irrelevant nonhing exists but natural worldNew eld Pantheism All is sensation no preeminence between plants, people all argon GodJudeo-Christianity There is just one God who created universe God is convoluted w/ creationPost modernness God is dead truth is a social construct relativism prevailsEthicsThe explicit, philosophic manifestation on chaste beliefs and practices. (The residual between ethics and morality is connatural to the difference between musicology and music. Ethics is a conscious stepping back and reflecting on morality, on the button as musicology is a conscious reflection on music).D escriptive EthicsStating effective moral beliefs.Normative Ethics reading of what is really right or pervert.Metaethics sphere about field of Ethics.Metaethics TheoriesObjectivismThere ar correct and chimerical answers.SubjectivismThere are no correct or incorrect answers.AbsolutismAll moral rules devote without exceptionthere is only one truth opposite of relativism, contrasts with consequentialism.RightsJustified claims upon other(s) for actions or non-actions.Negative pledge (Right)An obligation to abstain from close tothing or entitlements to do something without interference from other people. See also autonomy.Positive responsibleness (Right)An obligation to perform / provide, etc., or entitlements that bind others to do something positive to assist you.In remUniversal rights (obligations fall on all moral agents).In soulfulnessam circumscribe rights (obligations fall on selected individuals).General responsiblenesssmoral requirements of all moral beings.Role-rela ted Obligationsmoral requirements of special(prenominal) roles, e.g. MD, priest, etc.Strong PaternalismForced acts of benignity on person able to decide. lightsome PaternalismForced acts of beneficence on person unable to decide.Negative PaternalismRefraining from doing something to/for someone.4 primary(prenominal) Ethical Principles / ValuesNonmaleficenceDo no harm (Primum non nocere first, do no harm) a negative right.BeneficenceDo soundly promoting the welfare of others actively avoiding harm a positive right.AutonomyNon-interference with others choices and freedom to make choices / self determination. umpire / Social JusticeEqual discussion for all.Ethical Systems Theories (*Related concepts)*ConsequentialismThe end justifies the office the rightness or wrongness of any(prenominal) action depends on its consequences.*Utilitarianism (act)To act in a proficient way found strictly on the goodconsequences for the closely people case-by-case analysis of severally act.*Ut ilitarianism (rule) To act in a beneficial way (with good consequences for the most people) base on moral rules categorical dictatorial?DeontologismIts not whether you win or lose, its how you play the game some actions are right or wrong regardless of their consequences contrasts with consequentialism.Relativismit all dependsall points of view are equally valid.Also When in Rome, do as the Romans do (cultural relativism). bang is in the eye of the beholder (personal relativism).* philosophical system of Double Effectintention is everything concerns only intended means or ends, not actual means or ends evening if predictable (i.e. chemo side-F/Xs).Patient Relationship mouldings engine room ModelJust the facts, maam healthcare professionals as scientists presenting factspatients make decisions found on these facts.Paternalistic ModelDo what I say decisions are made by healthcare professionals.Contractual ModelLets make a deal healthcare professionals give cultivationassist pati ents in decision- reservation by making recommendations.ConfidentialityNot divulging information which another has revealed on condition of secrecy patients right to privacy (of information).Deontological Argument for the Obligation of ConfidentialityRespecting confidentiality respects patient autonomy.Consequentialistic Argument for the Obligation of ConfidentialityRespecting confidentiality protects and promotes well-being of patients.3 Accepted Exceptions for Divulging a Patient ConfidencePatient not competent, required by law, protect human race interest. the true Telling (Veracity)Obligation to separate the truth.Consequentialistic Case for Telling and Withholding the TruthDo what will most proceeds/least harm patient truth-telling / withholding tax truth context dependent.3 (actually 4) realizable Exceptions to the Truth-Telling RuleFamily request, patient request, for the good of others (less so now), avoiding disastrous consequences (extreme cases).5 Elements of Informed complyCompetence, information disclosure, understanding, voluntariness, and authorization.