Response journal Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Response journal - Essay Example This guy tells how Indians fled to the mountain to escape the inhuman nature of Spaniards. The Indians flees into the mountains from the Spaniards oppression. I would have liked it if they stayed and defended their native land although much of the suffering they underwent, seems unbearable. Spaniards employed attacks on children and women. Yes, they are the most vulnerable species but I would prefer if the Spaniards would have only attacked men alone. Oppressions of the Indians in the hands of Spaniards calling themselves Christians makes me feel that Christianity as a religion, is all about man’s laws and yet it is not. Christianity as a religion is seen as ‘holly’ because it is Godly with empathy and sympathy. I will prefer the author to ignore the idea of Spaniards referring to themselves as Christians and maybe give them a name without considering religion. Oppression Indians endures from Spaniards invention, known as the Grater Antilles, is inhuman. As Christ ians, though judgement cannot be passed unless God himself judge, they are expected to be fair and loving to others. Whenever a Factories is built in any given area, I expect job opportunities to be created. Job creation improves living standards of those around the area. It is sad to see factories built on unhealthy land that is unfavourable for the settlement. The main purpose of this factories should not be to provide a place to keep goods that arrive late at the but to cater for Indies needs. Slavey emerges, an idea that I can not support but fight to discard out. Spaniards uses this factory as a place of forecasting weather condition in order not to pose any threat to slaves being transported by canoes. It is sad to see someone being cared for as a slave but not as a native of the land. In this case, human life i is being dealt with knowingly Spaniards who are calling themselves Christians, in an animosity way.

Rules of the Game Essay Example for Free

Rules of the Game Essay The scratchy collar symbolizes the entrapment of Waverly by her mother. Waverly’s hobby of chess is important to her and her mother â€Å"[has] a habit of standing over [her] while [she] [plots] out [her] games. † (p. 98) This habit of Waverly’s mother is a symbol of how she controls Waverly. As her mother stands over Waverly, it displays her as a dominant figure and shows that Waverly should be submissive and obedient towards her. Waverly’s mother expects her to listen to everything she says and not have any opinion towards anything. However, Waverly’s attitude towards her mother is shown to be negative and instead disagrees with her mother as she â€Å"can’t practice† properly. (p. 98) The victory of winning tournaments is not triumphant for her, but for her mother â€Å"who [wears] the triumphant grin. † (p. 97) The game of chess for Waverly is something she enjoys, but as she begins to gain fame for her talent, Waverly feels as if she is playing for her mother and to only win. Because of her mother’s entrapment, Waverly is unable to be free and break away from her mother’s grasp. The â€Å"window [encasing] a fresh sheet cake,† (p. 97) is internally framing Waverly’s new life. Before, Waverly is unaware of a game called chess and she is unknown and unpopular to those around her, but as she begins to play, her mother realizes that Waverly has talent and continues to make her play chess. The â€Å"dust-covered cakes† (p. 97) are exchanged for â€Å"fresh sheet [cakes]† (p. 97) when Waverly begins to win more and more tournaments. The â€Å"dust covered cakes† (p.97) represent Waverly’s life before she begins to play chess and after she begins to play, more people begin to notice her as a â€Å"fresh sheet cake. † Additionally, because Waverly is bringing fame to her family, her mother is proud and feels that Waverly has brought honor to the family. Because her mother wants to keep this honor, her mother forces chess upon Waverly, not as a hobby, but a job that she must do. Also, the transition of the two cakes shows that Waverly is starting a new life as a chess player and is drifting away from her old self. The relationship between Waverly and her mother is like a game of chess. In the game of chess, there are usually black and white pieces, this is parallel to their relationship. Waverly and her mother are always in some sort of disagreement as â€Å"her black men† (p. 101) and â€Å"[Waverly’s] white pieces† (p. 101) are always versing each other. The term â€Å"men† contrasts with the term â€Å"pieces† because it shows itself to be more powerful, just like Waverly’s mother and is more influencing and strong. It signifies the power that Waverly’s mother has and how she uses it to make Waverly obey her. Also, the color black is used to represent power as well. It is often associated with the enemy/villain and in Waverly’s relationship with her mother, her mother displays herself as the enemy. This is because she forces her own beliefs and values upon Waverly. When Waverly does not agree with her mother and tries to speak up about it, her â€Å"mother’s eyes [turn] into dangerous black slits,† (p. 99) which indicates that she does not want to listen to anything Waverly has to say. However, in Waverly’s situation, her â€Å"white pieces† present her to be the opposite of her mother. The color white symbolizes innocence and purity which is found in Waverly’s personality and the â€Å"pieces† are found to be weaker than the â€Å"men† as Waverly finds it difficult to overcome her mother’s dominance and power. This leads to Waverly feeling overwhelmed and unable to venture out and away from her mother. Although Waverly and her mother have their share of quarrels, they find a way to balance each other out even if they are opposites of one another.

king Louis :: essays research papers

Introduction Perhaps one of the most famous of European monarchs, King Louis XIV ruled France for some 72 years, the longest by any French head of State. It is believed that reign of King Louis XIV was reputably famous as one of 'Absolute government', primarily because the King had his own particular and dominating style of governing the nation. Attaining the powers of a King at a young age of only 5 years, King Louis XIV would rule through his mother's guidance and Cardinal Mazarin acting as the head of state deciding most of the official and civilian matters concerning the governance of France. With no proper or formal education to his credit, King Louis XIV nevertheless gained immense insight on practically all matters of governance and grew up to be an extremely intelligent head of state. From the onset of his adulthood, King Louis XIV had perceived numerous plans for his country, and if one were to grade the King according to today's standards, one would certainly place him in the category o f 'Type-A personality'. This was because the King had learnt, and that too from childhood' that the best way to rule would be to control the subject with absolute authority. In doing so, the King chose his advisors and consultants from the category of 'non-nobles, with the objective of inviting least opposition, and for reasons of imposing his decisions and motives without being questioned. The nobles too were useful, and had to be retained around the King's circle, primarily to win over their confidence, in return for the positions and wealth offered to them on behalf of the state. Also famous as a hard working and pleasant natured, the King sought to bring 'glory' for France, and strived for a united France, simply because it was easier to rule. The King's ideas about making France a glorious state were also exhibited in his desires for other European nations to fear, respect as well as imitate France in all matters of governance, aspects which only remained merely a set of ideas. Born in 1710 at Versailles, King Louis XIV gained the title of "Louis the Well Beloved", yet this title only remained so until the King remained a monarch of France, and practically diminished upon his death. Unlike heirs of monarchs, King Louis XIV was neither formally educated in worldly discipline, nor was he nurtured to become a head of state.

The Mother and the Father Figures in Frank McCourt’s Angela’s Ashes

Angela’s Ashes is the bleak, humorous and very compelling memoir of the author’s childhood in Limerick, Ireland, during the Great Depression. The book is, at the same time, a historical account, a work of fiction and an autobiography. First and foremost however, Angela’s Ashes is a personal narrative that evokes the struggles of an individual growing up in adverse and dire conditions. The narrative focuses directly on the author’s childhood and adolescence, a time when the individual is much more prone to vulnerability and powerlessness. The story is so appealing to the reader precisely because it is filtered through the eyes of a child who is directly exposed to the abuse of social, economical and political forces that surpass his comprehension. Thus, the narrative functions as a deconstruction of the innocent and paradisiacal childhood. The child experiences the most abject forms of physical misery, hunger and illness as well as the permanent feeling of guilt and depression of being a burden to his own mother. The mother-son relationship described in the book is one of the most effective threads of the narrative, as it represents the way in which â€Å"amor matris† can be modified and received differently under the strain of very hard social circumstances. The most obvious form of abuse for the helpless child hero is the social and political context he is entrapped in. In 1935, Frank’s family flees Brooklyn because of the general poverty and deterioration that had spread in the United States during the Great Depression. After this inverse emigration to their homeland however, the family discovers an even grimmer and more disheartening poverty. In this context, the figure of a careless and drunken father and that of a defeated and abject mother are very potent realities for the child. Both of the parents are extremely powerful influences for the child and both of them function as ambivalent figures. Malachy, the father, who is supposed to offer support and stability to the poverty stricken family, is unreliable because of his inability to hold any job and because of his alcohol addiction. The fact that he completely deserts the family after leaving for England to find work is an addition to the negative influence he exerts. Frank and his brothers have to suffer because the father fails to offer them even minimal protection from the dire social realities of the day. At the same time however, he is also the one who tells his children the first folktales of Irish heroes, procuring them a slight comfort amidst the dire conditions of life and feeding their imagination and their hopes. The mother figure is also ambivalent. Frank both loves her and loathes her at the same time. He is moved by her devotion to her children and by her motherly love but he is also repulsed at times when he sees the contemptible and humiliating condition she brings herself to in order to save her family from starvation. Frank encounters his mother accidentally when she is begging in the streets to get the remains of the priests’ dinner and is shocked by her condition. Later on, when the family has to find shelter with a cousin named Laman Griffin, the child is again appalled when he discovers the sexual nature of the relationship that his mother has with Laman. These absurd and horrendous compromises that the mother has to make in order to be able to sustain her family inspire Frank with a permanent feeling of guilt at being he himself one of the objects of her sacrifice. The mother-son relationship is therefore marked by this need of an exaggerated proof of devotion and motherly love on the part of the mother. Angela is therefore a perfect instance of a mother’s powerful love for her children, and Frank McCourt points this out in his narrative in various ways. Given the circumstances of the family however, their relationship is more complex than that. The child is discomfited by the guilt of feeling as a burden to his mother, instead of being comforted by the warmth of a mother’s protective care. In the context of his tragic childhood, Frank feels even more poignantly the influence of his parents’ failures and qualities, at the same time.

AIDS in Sub-Saharan Africa: Current Actions and Prevention

The outbreak of AIDS and HIV has long been a health threat plaguing the Sub-Saharan region of Africa. Millions of people currently suffer from this disease, and the number of afflicted people still continues to rise. With the AIDS virus continues to be incurable, it is clear that medicine alone cannot provide Africa with enough relief or slow the growing percentages of people being infected or born with the disease.The only way that Africa could possibly be rid of AIDS– or at least have the spread of AIDS be stopped– is through preventative measures rather than medicine. It is through education and awareness rather than medicine that the Sub-Saharan African population will be able to stop the spread of HIV and AIDS; and in order for education to be effective, diligence and cooperation are also needed.  Sub-Saharan Africa refers to the area of the continent located in or below the Sahara Desert. The countries above this region are considered to be part of the Arab worl d, while Sub-Saharan Africa is referred to as the â€Å"black countries†.These countries include Angola, Botswana, Congo, Ethiopia, Kenya, Nigeria, South Africa, Somalia, and Zimbabwe (Avert 2010). With Africa consisting of so many third-world nations in which education is considered a luxury that is available to only a small percentage of the population, it is no wonder why HIV has become such a widespread epidemic.Back in 2008, approximately 22.4 million children and adults were reported as living with HIV, and an estimated 1.4 million African people actually died from AIDS (Avert 2010). What is worse, is that more than 14 million African children have lost at least one parent to AIDS, and many do not have any other living relatives.This is why there are so many children living in orphanages; and many of them, unfortunately, were born carrying the HIV virus. According to UNAIDS, a Joint United Nations Program for HIV and AIDS, â€Å"Sub-Saharan Africa remains the region mo st heavily affected by HIV. In 2008, sub-Saharan Africa accounted for 67% of HIV infections worldwide, 68% of new HIV infections among adults and 91% of new HIV infections among children.The region also accounted for 72% of the world’s AIDS-related deaths in 2008† (UNAIDS 2010). These statistics demonstrate how extreme the HIV and AIDS situation is throughout the African continent. It is especially unfortunate how many children are infected with HIV at the time of their birth and are essentially sentenced to a life with the virus.If more and more people are being born as HIV carriers, then the spread of the virus will continue to grow at an exponential rate.When it comes to the African population that is infected with HIV and AIDS, the groups of people who are the most likely to become infected is highly disproportionate.There are more than twice as many women and girls who are carrying the virus than there are boys and men in West Africa alone; and as a whole, females make up 60% of the infected population of sub-Saharan Africa. This imbalance is due to many social and cultural factors that negatively affect the female population. The UNAIDS group describes these statistics as such:Women’s vulnerability to HIV in sub-Saharan Africa stems not only from their greater    physiology susceptibility to heterosexual transmission, but also to the severe social, legal   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   and economic disadvantages they often confront.A recent comprehensive   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   epidemiological review†¦ in Lesotho found that sexual and physical violence is a key   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   determinant of the country’s severe HIV epidemic. According to a recent survey, 47% of   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   men and 40% of women in Lesotho say women have no rights to refuse sex with their   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   husbands or boyfriends. (UNAIDS 2010)It is not only a lack of awareness and education that has attributed to the spread of HIV, but also the lack of female rights in certain sub-Saharan African countries. Rape statistics are relatively high, with both grown women and young girls being the victims of these crimes.With relaxed laws failing to protect women from male sex offenders, it is clear why there are so many more women than men who become infected with HIV.The prevalence of female and child prostitution and sex trafficking also contributes greatly to the spread of the virus. It is a combination of a lack of sex education, women’s rights, and general safety that are causing the steady increase of the HIV-positive population along with spikes in the African mortality rates; and these are all issues that medicine alone cannot address.South Africa is currently one of the most HIV-infested countries in sub-Saharan Africa. In 2009, approximately 5.7 million people were living with the HIV virus, with the majority of these people being female (Avert 2010). In order to combat these figures and the further spread of HIV, â€Å"†¦the South African Government launched a major counseling and testing campaign (HCT) in 2010.By raising awareness of HIV the campaign aims to reduce the HIV incidence rate by 50% by June 2011† (Avert 2010). First, earlier testing is now being offered to pregnant women who have already tested positive for HIV in order to determine whether or not the virus has been passed on to their child.More importantly, are the measures the South African government have taken in order to spread AIDS awareness. The government has funded everything from different from commercials, to door-to-door campaigning, to public speakers and free HIV tests. Many surveys have proven that these campaigns have been well-received by certain age groups.More than 75% of South African between the ages of 15-24 years old, for example, reported having seen at least one of the campaigns; but the as age increases, the percentage o f people who have heard messages of AIDS awareness tends to decline (Avert 2010).This is most likely due to the majority of these campaigns targeting individuals of the younger generations– those who may not yet be sexually active, and those who are young enough to make early decisions that will protect them in the future.Although the awareness of HIV and AIDS has grown, people are not necessarily aware of how to prevent the virus from being transmitted and spread. The South African government has therefore been distributing hundreds of millions of male and female condoms among people, educating them on how to properly use this form of contraception and how condoms offer protection from sexually transmitted diseases.Studies show that condoms are mostly used by teenagers and young adults, which accounts for the decrease in the percentage of young people with HIV over the past few years. Overall, approximately 62% of people in South Africa habitually used condoms during sex in 2008, which is a dramatic improvement from the 27% figure back in 2002 (Avert 2010).As an additional form of HIV and AIDS prevention, clinics have begun to offer male circumcisions, as it was found that the procedure decreases one’s chances of contracting the virus by 60%. â€Å"It was estimated that a program with full coverage of male circumcision could prevent half a million infections and 100,000 deaths within a decade, with these figures rising in the decades to follow† (Avert 2010).This shows how the South African government has targeted HIV from a preventative standpoint, focusing on younger generations and measures such as condoms and male circumcision in order to educate the country about the virus and how it can be spread.Along with attacking the AIDS epidemic by increasing awareness and education, Nigeria has also taken a stand against the spread of HIV by addressing the political problems behind it.As part of the UNAIDS group, the country has released a pro gress report summarizing the actions that the government has taken in regards to the virus. The Nigerian government states:Nigeria has [formed] the Global Coalition of Woman and AIDS by establishing and   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   inaugurating National Action for Women Coalition and AIDS†¦ NAWOCA addresses   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   the vulnerability of girls, women and children through increase access to information and   Ã‚   education on prevention, treatment, care and support for HIV and reproductive heath   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   services. (UNAIDS 2010)This is a prime example of how HIV can be targeted from several directions that can all contribute to the future health of the African people. Nigeria has also increased its budget regarding HIV education, testing, and the funding of groups such as the NAWOCA in order to further their progress in decreasing the annual number of new infections.One important aspect of AIDS that should be recognized is that it is not only the disease itself that threatens the sub-Saharan African population. People typically consider AIDS to be a product of infectious diseases when, in reality, it is also the product of risky behavior (Green 2003: 57).If people are having unprotected sex on a regular basis, for example, they are automatically putting themselves at risk of contracting HIV or any other sexually transmitted disease.Being more aware of what these diseases are will not necessarily prevent them from ever being infected– educating them on how to alter their behavior and practice safe sex habits, however, will. Educating Africans about safe sex is just as important has teaching them about AIDS awareness or the dangers of the HIV virus; but in Africa, this is not always an easy task.Many schools are still uneasy about discussing safe sex and diseases, because some believe the topic to be inappropriate. Some students also feel very uncomfortable when talking about this subject with adults or peers.Still, it is obvious that the benefits of safe sex education far outweighs the risks of not knowing about it at all. Rather than focusing on the so-called taboo nature of the topic and how uncomfortable some may feel, schools all over Africa must make a collaborative effort to be diligent and thorough in what they teach their students (Onyancha 2009: 86).

Organization EssaySupply.com

The Targeted Resume - 5 Resume Templates Based Upon Position/Organization The Targeted Resume - 5 Resume Templates Based Upon Position/Organization One size does not fit all. That is the â€Å"rule† you must remember as you craft your resume for any job search – whether you are coming up upon graduation and looking for your first career position or looking for a job change. What you need to understand is this: each resume you send out will have to be somewhat unique and designed specifically for the organization to which it is going. Content Will Vary The first thing you will need to do is to carefully read the job description of any position that has been posted. Look specifically for keywords in that description – skills, background experience, etc. Because many resumes today are initially screened by an automated system, you need to make sure that those keywords are in the content of your resume – maybe more than once. You will also want to give more â€Å"weight† in your resume to the coursework or experience that relates specifically to the position description and to the organization that is receiving it. No Prose Please Given that you only have 6 seconds to impress, you have to use bold, headings, sub-headings, and bullet points – a reader has to be able to scan your resume and know pretty quickly if s/he wants to read it in more depth. Get those keywords in your heading and sub-headings. Action Verbs Please State your achievements using action verbs only. They are stronger and much more forceful. And as you list those achievements, try to give actual numbers. For example, â€Å"Brought 9 new clients into the firm in a 6-monthperiod.† Templates Here are 5 templates based upon the organization to which you may be applying: Traditional – For Conservative Organizations Notice that the resume is blocked out in sections with no â€Å"extras† – no color, nor border or shading – just black on white print. But the section heading are in bold which allow a hiring manager to easily scan. This resume would be appropriate for banks, financial institutions, investment firms and other conservative companies and businesses. Modified Traditional – Conservative but Less so than Banks If you have researched the company and see that they are a bit more progressive than banks, you can add some color. Notice that the sections are still the same giving a conservative feel, but the color adds just a bit more pizazz. Mildly Progressive If the job description uses some more contemporary vocabulary and the website does as well, you can get a bit more progressive with your resume, perhaps adding a graphic and/or several different fonts, as the one shown below: Progressive If you company is definitely newer, younger, and the job posting is casual in language and the website looks like a â€Å"jeans environment,† you can definitely go the route of creativity with more infographics. Really Progressive Usually, resumes that are designed for positions in the creative arts, including web design, music, art, and performing arts can be really â€Å"way out there.† Here is an example of such a resume that is bound to get attention. As you can see, you can take your information and package it in so many different ways. Research the organization, decide which type of template is best for that organization, and craft the perfect resume.

Against Feminism essays

Against Feminism essays The other day I saw a very pregnant woman stand for close to an hour on a very crowded train. Not one person offered her a seat. And I thought - Is this what women are trying to achieve? If this is the equality we ¡Ã‚ ¯re looking for, then we better put on spacesuits,  ¡cause the road to hell is going to be flaming and quick. I am a female. Of course I am supportive of the women ¡Ã‚ ¯s rights and gender equality. What I despise is being labeled or considered a part of some gender group. The word  ¡Ã‚ °feminist ¡ annoys me. I ¡Ã‚ ¯m a woman. Enough said. I know many women are going to hate me for saying this, but I see feminism as a lame excuse, and I believe this issue is backfiring. There ¡Ã‚ ¯s nothing wrong with trying to accomplish equality, respect and independence. But first of all, it is bizarre to try and prove that men and women are one and the same. Secondly, why are we trying to draw ourselves as such victims and men as such monsters? I strongly believe that you ¡Ã‚ ¯re only a victim if you allow yourself to be. And thirdly, something ¡Ã‚ ¯s given to us women by nature that men just don ¡Ã‚ ¯t possess. That is, to be a wife, and a mother - why deny it? What ¡Ã‚ ¯s wrong with having a man take care of a woman if that ¡Ã‚ ¯s what she wants? How is that oppression? How is tha t inequality? I DO expect a man to open a door in front of me. I expect a man to pay for my dinner if it was he who asked me out in the first place. And it ¡Ã‚ ¯s pretty obvious that most feminists do hate men. The right wing of feminism makes me sick. Sure there are men out there that rape and hurt, but what about the women? Karla Tucker? But of course they argue that women are victims of men and that men deserve what they get. Well, I refuse to be a victim to anyone. I can stand on my own two feet, and I refuse to let anyone man or woman be supreme over my body or feelings. Those who say they are victims let themselves be the victim, and I feel nothing but p...

How to Write a Letter of Recommendation

How to Write a Letter of Recommendation Writing a letter of recommendation is a big responsibility that could determine the future of an employee, student, colleague, or someone else you know. No wonder so many people are daunted by the process. Letters of recommendation follow a typical format and layout, so it is useful to understand what to include, things to avoid, and how to get started. Whether youre requesting a letter or writing one, a few helpful tips will make the process much easier. What to Include in a Recommendation Letter When  writing a recommendation, it is important to craft an original letter  that is unique to the person youre recommending. You should never copy text directly from a sample letter- this is equivalent to copying a resume from the internet- as it makes both you and the subject of your recommendation look bad. To make your recommendation original and effective, try including specific examples of the subjects achievements or strengths as an academic, employee, or  leader. Keep your comments concise and to the point. Your letter should be less than one page, so edit it down to a couple of examples that you think will be the most helpful. You may also want to speak with the person youre recommending about their needs. Do they need a letter that highlights their work ethic? Would they prefer a letter that addresses aspects of their potential in a particular area? You dont want to say anything that is untrue, but knowing the desired point of focus can provide inspiration for the content of the letter. Example of an Employer Recommendation The sample letter below shows what might be included in a career reference or employment recommendation. It includes a short introduction highlighting the employees strengths, a couple of relevant examples in the two main paragraphs, and a simple closing. Youll notice that the recommender provides specific information on the subject and focuses heavily on her strengths. These include solid interpersonal skills, teamwork skills, and strong leadership capability. The recommender also includes specific examples of achievements (such as an increase in profits). Examples are important and add legitimacy to the recommendation. Another thing youll notice is that this letter is very similar to a cover letter you might send along with your own resume. The format mimics a traditional cover letter and many of the key words used to describe valuable job skills are included. To Whom It May Concern:This letter is my personal recommendation for Cathy Douglas. Until just recently, I was Cathys immediate supervisor for several years. I found her to be consistently pleasant, tackling all assignments with dedication and a smile. Her interpersonal skills are exemplary and appreciated by everyone who works with her.Besides being a joy to work with, Cathy is a take-charge person who is able to present creative ideas and communicate the benefits. She has successfully developed several marketing plans for our company that have resulted in increased annual revenue. During her tenure, we saw an increase in profits that exceeded $800,000. The new revenue was a direct result of the sales and marketing plans designed and implemented by Cathy. The additional revenue that she earned helped us to reinvest in the company and expand our operations into other markets.Though she was an asset to our marketing efforts, Cathy was also extraordinarily helpful in other areas of the company. In addition to writing effective training modules for sales representatives, Cathy assumed a leadership role in sales meetings, inspiring and motivating other employees. She also served as a project manager for several key projects and helped to implement our expanded operations. She has proven, on several occasions, that she can be trusted to deliver a completed project on schedule and within budget.I highly recommend Cathy for employment. She is a team player and would make a great asset to any organization.Sincerely,Sharon Feeney, Marketing Manager ABC Productions What to Avoid in a Recommendation Letter Just as important when writing a letter of recommendation is knowing what not to include. Consider writing a first draft, taking a break, then coming back to the letter for editing. See if you spot any of these common pitfalls. Do not mention personal relationships. This is particularly true if you employed a family member or friend. Keep the relationship out of the letter and focus instead on their professional qualities. Keep the dirty laundry to yourself. If you cannot honestly recommend an employee because of past grievances, its best to decline the request to write a letter. Try not to embellish the truth either. The person reading your letter is trusting your professional opinion. Think about the honesty you would expect in a letter and edit out anything that may be overindulgent. Leave out personal information. Unless it has to do with someones performance at work, its not important.

Setting up an independent record label ( BUSINESS PLAN ) Essay

Setting up an independent record label ( BUSINESS PLAN ) - Essay Example The independent music industry around the world is renowned for providing a platform to such artistes who are either not considered commercially viable by the large companies or do not consider themselves worthy enough to approach larger music companies. As a result, such artistes seek the advice or aid of independent labels. Theses labels have recently caught the attention of larger scale companies Like Universal etc for their successful promotion and in fact the astronomical sales of certain artistes is a testimony to the success of the labels. In the United Kingdom alone, certain independent labels such as Stiff Records, factory Records and Rough trade have helped define certain vital niches for the artists they promote. In the United States, these labels have a long history stretching back to post-war period such as Sun Records. (Barry 1997) One of the major success factors of these companies has been technology, as now individuals can produce quality music while sitting at home. The decrease in the costing and access to numerous customers has resulted in the recent expansion of the Indies. (David 1999) This business plan would refer to the set -up of "Zee Ma Records"; an independent music label which would pertain to the music genres of punk rock and dance compilations. The reason for having these two poles opposed to each other music genres is that dance compilations would allow the company to earn a steady amount of income while the actual focus would be on promoting punk rock acts which have been overlooked by major companies. Punk rock acts are huge in number and this business plan would be focusing on the punk rocks in the United Kingdom. Another reason for the selection of this particular genre has been the fact that numerous acts have been successful in the recent times in the independent sector especially and therefore a viable sector to invest in. Zee Ma records stands for quality and Originality and it offers contracts to artists with the assurance of proper representation. (Shemtob & Braund 2005) This company would be operating on a smaller scale in the initial phase and therefore, the key personnel would be of a limited number as the cost actor has to be kept in mind at all times. The initial operational phase would include three members as the entire management team. The director would be the main face of the corporation who would handle all the management, legal and business affairs as well as having the final say in the accounts. However, for most deals and contracts specialists would be hired to deal with them as the director would be relatively inexperienced initially. (Andrew 2005) The other two personnel would be responsible for the office administration, book-keeping, press, radio and media promotion. The staff costs would therefore, vary according to the skills of the personnel and the amount of work required from them. The label would offer two sorts of contract; a royalty contract and a 50:50 profit split. The contracts terms and conditions would vary according to the reputation of the artist, their time of association with the label, and their success

Management Accounting Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words - 10

Management Accounting - Essay Example The two sections are not independent of each other and they are intertwined so as to work properly in achieving the specific goals they have been designed to. In the fast changing world and the high cost of business managers have to set up budgets for what to invest and understand the priorities to focus on. A budget is the plan set by the organization for the forthcoming period and it is designed at different level of the organization. The top management focuses on the master budget which is more detailed and requires integration and coordination of every part of the organization. The primary role of budgeting is systematic planning (Taylor III, 2013). The challenge of setting up a good master budget focuses more on the people hired to do and how they ensure they also are concerned with the macro while also being detailed to the micro management priorities of the business. Contrary to organization budgeting is not forecasting but is more of a leadership role of accompany than a financial one (Mettanen, 2005). Transaction cost economics this is the most complicating accounting calculation top managers’ face. It needs a lot of time and is more complex and it is widely used to decentralize multinational organization it involves understanding the tax related issue within the geographical area as well as ensuring that the cost incurred for raw materials is up to the required and that reducing operating cost (Laitinen, 2002The objective of this transfer cost is more of ensuring proper resource of allocation as well as minimizing cost and also having a competitive advantage over the rest of its competitors. Preparing of benchmarking involves a lot of consideration and managers in this have to understand the qualities required for the benchmarking and how to rate and rank the staff. The challenge when embracing this can lead to employees who think they are sacked. This requires

Reflection on teaching Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Reflection on teaching - Research Paper Example Transformation learning theory remains a useful tool in designing adult education. Transformative learning theorists such as Edward Taylor, Patricia Cranton, Robert Body, and Robert Kegan have contributed greatly to the field of education. Their works identified factors that characterize transformative learning. They pointed the challenges face by educators in transformational learning environments. Their contribution to the transformational theory enhanced adult education. This reflective essay focuses on the contribution of the above theorists in enhancing adult education. Understanding the meaning of transformative learning is crucial since it enables us to understand how different adult teaching approaches work. I realized that the term transformational is used in different concepts to refer to idealized adult learning based on the nature of human communication. Jack Mezirow, who developed the theory of transformative learning in 1978 appreciated the importance of reflection in l earning. As we grow, we experience different situations, which change our perspectives (Taylor & Cranton, 2012). I had never realized the effects the different experiences have on our views. However, the transformational learning theory empowered me to understand that the different experiences accumulate and are the raw materials for transformation learning which occurs during adulthood. ... Based on the difference, the learner is able to make appropriate decision or changes. In my understanding, transformative learning encompasses trying to solve an existing problem using a new approach. It enables learners to expand their conscientiousness. During transformative learning, the learners become aware of the different selves within their psyche. Additionally, the learners become aware of their expectations and assumptions as well as those of other and interpret them to assess their relevance. .By assessing other people’s perspectives, the student learns to accept other people views. Studies on transformative learning have been used in altering learning environments to enhance adult education. Adult learners can be taught using different methods. Edward Taylor, a renowned contributor of transformative leaning, argued that the learning environment determined the level of openness demonstrated by learners. I agree with this since I also learn differently in different e nvironment. Taylor argued that ideal leaning conditions should encourage students’ autonomy and participation. Additionally, Taylor described effective instruction methods as those that promote learner centered teaching approach (Taylor & Cranton, 2012). Recent approaches on transformative learning emphasize on learning through intuitive and unconscious processes. Patricia Cranton is one theorist who has studied the role of intuitive and unconscious process in decision-making. Cranton’s views on informative learning helped me appreciate the role of reflection in learning. It is sitting back to contemplate on ones views, compare them with those of others and

President Bill Clinton's Impeachment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

President Bill Clinton's Impeachment - Essay Example Jones to his hotel room and started to make a sexual advancement towards her. Ms. Jones refused to have sex with him (Linder). Included in the least of potential witnesses for Ms. Jones case against President Bill Clinton was a woman by the name Monica Lewinsky. Monica Lewinsky had worked in the White House in the year 1995 and was an intern. Linda Trip, who then was a former employee at the White House, provided Lewinsky’s information. Ms. Trip was a confidante of Ms. Lewinsky, and she had managed to record some of the conversations that she had heard with Ms. Lewinsky without the knowledge of Ms. Lewinsky. The conversations that were recorded were mainly about her contacts with the president. On 12th January of 1998, Ms. Trip provided the tapes of her secret conversations that she had had with Ms. Lewinsky to Kenneth W. Starr who was an Independent Counsel that was pointed to carry out an investigation Whitewater Estate that belonged to Mr. and Mrs. Clinton. On 15th January, Starr secured an approval from Janet Reno, who was the then Attorney General. Janet Reno requested and received an order the Court of Appeals. The request was to expand the scope of the Whitewater prove and introduce new accusations. The next day, there was a meeting between Ms. Tripp and Ms. Lewinsky at a hotel, and federal agents secretly recorded the conversation. The federal agents later confronted Ms. Lewinsky claiming that she had committed perjury and further demanded that she should cooperate in providing evidence against the then president. Ms. Lewinsky at first denied them her cooperation and claimed that much of what she had told Ms. Tripp was not the truth about the events. July of 1998, this was after Ms. Lewinsky had been granted sweeping Immunity from the prosecution by Starr, who was the special prosecutor in the case. Under these new circumstances, Ms. Lewinsky confessed to having had a sexual relationship with President Bill Clinton, which did not include

Contemporary Issues In Business And Management Essay - 1

Contemporary Issues In Business And Management - Essay Example Recently, major proportion of the population shares their personal information through online. Data like medical records, credit card purchases and other important materials are recorded in several significant powerful databases. A contemporary issue can be defined as the issue that has a specific relevance to the present time. It can lead to several management problems and challenges, such as ethical issues, corporate and social responsibility issues that can affect the business performance of the organization (Rosenfield, 2006, p.43). The leading firms around the globe are trying to capitalize on the opportunities that have been established and reformed due to globalization and advanced modern information technology. Now-a-days, the business organizations are trying to bring innovation in their business process in order to achieve competitive advantages within the competitive global market. Facebook is the largest global social networking site. Over 500 million global people are co nnected with each other through this social networking site. ... However, the study will reveal Facebook’s several contemporary issues associated with the business ethics and social responsibility management. Analysis of Several Contemporary Issues The organization argues that there is no wrong in the social media promotional strategy. According to the organization, they already have recommended on their site to check in security settings before liking any page or status. The Facebook users are aware of the Facebook advertising activities (Mullerat, 2011, p.149). Since the year 2004, the organization has made numerous controversial moves related to privacy. The study will discuss and analyze several trends and prominent privacy incidents that have occurred over the organization’s lifetime. Permissive Defaults The organization used to select certain default privacy settings for the new initial sign ups. These settings are generally customizable, but several users of Facebook never bother to adjust the privacy settings. At the initial stages, the website has default privacy settings. At that point of time only college students were allowed to register as the website users. The organization has been able to increase its customer base in global market by implementing several unique business strategies (Poynter, 2010, p.253). A complaint was raised against Facebook that the organization is trying to sell the personal information and data of its users to other marketing organizations against money. The Advertising Standards authority has disclosed a code of advertising that has included the social responsibility clause. It aims to restrict the advertisers not to break the spirit of the rules. Initially, the organizations around the globe were posting free advertisements.

President Bill Clinton's Impeachment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

President Bill Clinton's Impeachment - Essay Example Jones to his hotel room and started to make a sexual advancement towards her. Ms. Jones refused to have sex with him (Linder). Included in the least of potential witnesses for Ms. Jones case against President Bill Clinton was a woman by the name Monica Lewinsky. Monica Lewinsky had worked in the White House in the year 1995 and was an intern. Linda Trip, who then was a former employee at the White House, provided Lewinsky’s information. Ms. Trip was a confidante of Ms. Lewinsky, and she had managed to record some of the conversations that she had heard with Ms. Lewinsky without the knowledge of Ms. Lewinsky. The conversations that were recorded were mainly about her contacts with the president. On 12th January of 1998, Ms. Trip provided the tapes of her secret conversations that she had had with Ms. Lewinsky to Kenneth W. Starr who was an Independent Counsel that was pointed to carry out an investigation Whitewater Estate that belonged to Mr. and Mrs. Clinton. On 15th January, Starr secured an approval from Janet Reno, who was the then Attorney General. Janet Reno requested and received an order the Court of Appeals. The request was to expand the scope of the Whitewater prove and introduce new accusations. The next day, there was a meeting between Ms. Tripp and Ms. Lewinsky at a hotel, and federal agents secretly recorded the conversation. The federal agents later confronted Ms. Lewinsky claiming that she had committed perjury and further demanded that she should cooperate in providing evidence against the then president. Ms. Lewinsky at first denied them her cooperation and claimed that much of what she had told Ms. Tripp was not the truth about the events. July of 1998, this was after Ms. Lewinsky had been granted sweeping Immunity from the prosecution by Starr, who was the special prosecutor in the case. Under these new circumstances, Ms. Lewinsky confessed to having had a sexual relationship with President Bill Clinton, which did not include

Cooperation Between Government and Adults From the Age of 18 to 25 Term Paper

Cooperation Between Government and Adults From the Age of 18 to 25 - Term Paper Example It can be either in form of words- written or spoken, gestures and body language, tone, pitch and timing of voice, symbols and listening (Phillips 3). Communication can also be done through the way we dress, the things we wear like wedding rings, the tattoos we make on our bodies, the types of cars we drive and so on (Karen 3). There are various practical points which if adapted can make an interpersonal communication better. According to Black (1), these can include speaking for one’s self, discussing ones feelings, revealing ones intentions, explaining what you mean, speaking specifically, getting straight to the point, asking one’s self whether what you want to communicate is relevant and listening carefully to others when communicating. Communication is a two way process-involving sharing of information and it is very important in enabling someone to get along well with others and getting this done (Phillips 3). It depends with size and nature of the audience so wha t can be good for one individual can be very inappropriate for a crowd or a group of people (Vanita 6). According to Boone and Kurtz (297), every communication takes place in some sort of situation or cultural context, which can influence on how well the process will work. For example the way two people might speak to each other in an office is different from how the same two people will be expected to speak to each other on a party gathering. Good communication is very important either to a normal person, a leader, a family, an organization or even to a nation. According to Phillips (3), ability to communicate well results to relationship growth, personal growth and even personal happiness in general. The process by which communication skills are developed is not that much understandable. It is believed that communication skills grow throughout someone’s life form learning how to express one’s self by an infant to the ability to write, speak, listen, read, understandi ng symbols etc. of a well educated adult (Caputo et al 115). Background (community chosen) Aberdeen Township is a town in Monmouth County of the state of New Jersey with a population of 17454 persons per the 2000 USA census. It has a total area of 7.8 sq. miles of which 5.5 sq. miles is land and the remaining is water. It is believed that water makes up around 28.61% of the total area of this town. This township has got 6421 households and 4770 families as per the 2000 USA census and a population density of 3152 people per sq. mile (Aberdeen 1). This community uses the Council Manager form of governance in which a policy making power is concentrated on the council with the mayor presiding its meetings and a municipal chief executive and administration officer appointed to manage it. It adopted this name about 35 years ago and has grown to become a suburban Township with a mixture of residence, light industry, and shopping centers. This community has several boards, which assists the management in making and implementing policies. Some of these boards include Aberdeen Green Team, Community Development Board, Environmental & Shade Tree Advisory Board, Planning Board, Recreation Advisory Board, Senior Citizens Advisory Board and Zoning Board of Adjustments (Aberdeen 1). The Township has two volunteer fire companies that

My Assignment Essay Example for Free

My Assignment Essay According to Wikipedia, custom is defined by an authority or agency in a country responsible for collecting and safeguarding customs duties and for controlling the flow of goods including animals, transports, personal effects and hazardous items in and out of a country. Other definition of custom is practice or rule of conduct established in a particular community, locality, or trade, by long usage and obligatory on those within its scope. A valid custom must be certain, reasonable, not contrary to statute law, and of immemorial antiquity. It is also called custom and usage. Malaysia which once known as Tanah Melayu has implemented the collection of tax since before the colonial era. The one responsible on that era to collect the tax known as Shahbandar and the one who become their chief is Penghulu Bendahari. Upon with the colonial era, Straits Settlement (Negeri-Negeri Selat) was formed. There were three straits in the Straits Settlement; Malacca, Penang and Temasik (Singapore). Each straits consist of Governor who has the authority to collect the tax. They were lead by General Council located at Calcutta which control by Board of Control of British East India Company. Even though the Straits Settlement has been formed, the previous tax used by Pembesar Melayu still used such as Tax Farming. With the formation of Federation of Malaya on 1948, Customs and Excise department also establish for the whole Malay Peninsula. The formation of the customs union Federation of Malaya 1948 was suggested by Sir Cecil Clementi. The suggestion was made on the Head of Rulers Conference which also known as Durbar on 1931 at Seri Menanti, Negeri Sembilan. According to Custom Ordinance 1952, those who involve with The Federal Council are responsible for issuing all regulations relating to customs matters. Upon reaching the independence days on August 1957 and the formation of Malaysia, the Customs and Excise department were restructured many times to make the regulation was tally with the developing Malaysia. In Malaysia, custom department was known as Royal Malaysian Custom. Each department or organization in government or private sector has its own mission and vision. The vision of Royal Malaysian Custom is to make Malaysian Customs services world class in 2015. Royal Malaysian Custom got three main missions. First and foremost is to drive economic growth. Second is protects national security and public welfare through revenue collection services. Third is facilitates the trade and industrial and ensuring adherence to the laws through efficient and effective means. The article state that the custom has increased and upgrade the scanner machine located at the country gate. They did this to ensure that their officer can increase the performance via high technology machine. The custom done this because of the increase of smuggling activity happen in our country. Recently, the smuggling activity has increased. As a normal citizen, I observe that this thing happen due to government has increase the price of some items without telling to the citizen. Thus, the normal citizen demand on the low price items has increased greater. Smuggler who wants to make the profit will use this opportunity to distribute their items. What is smuggle item? Smuggle item is an item which were brought into the country illegally and not paying the duty. Usually the item also did not follow the standard rate of a certain item. For example is smuggle phone. Are the phones either is safe to be used and has the safety warranty or any others. Another example is nicotine and tar ratio in a cigarette. Usually the ratio in the smuggle cigarette not following the standard that is state by the ministry of health. Proposal to Improve Custom 1. In my opinion, what custom has done was a great worked. This is because they will prevent smuggling from occur and prevent a person or company that trying to evade from paying tax and create an equal right among all importer. A research has been done by Richard James from Goldman Sachs Group Inc. According to the statistic that was done by him, our country was listed as the top country that smuggling cigarettes. James said that on year 2009, the percentage of cigarette smuggle is 37 percent and is expected to increase as the legal cigarette price was announced increase by the government. The smuggler today also has come with many creative and unimaginable methods to smuggle their goods. For example is what stated by www.harian –metro-online.com. There was a smuggler who dug a whole between a bunch of 15 piece of footwear. Thus, custom effort to upgrade the scanning machine was a great idea to prevent from a new way of smuggling that the smuggler keeps improving it. All of this activity happen due to what is stated before, that is due to government has increase the price towards several item. To prevent this from occurring again, I think government should decide properly before making decision on increasing the price of items. For example, the price of the smoke was increased because the government think that by increasing the smoke price, a smoker citizen will decrease thus create a healthy citizen. But what is expected by the government was wrong. A heavy smoker made the smoke as their habit. Even there is a slogan made by them. The slogan is â€Å"smoke is like their second life† or â€Å"we cannot live without smoke†. Thus, to continue their habit, they intend to find a smoke which has lower price. The lower price smoke is surely the smuggle smoke. And the smuggle smoke contain higher nicotine and tar which did not follow the ratio of both ingredient that is allowed by the ministry of health under the poison act 1952 and food act 1983 control of tobacco product (amendment) regulation 2008. This indicates that smuggle smoke is more dangerous compare to prohibited smoke. 2. One of custom general objective is to prevent loss of revenue. As we all know the tax collected by the custom is one the country revenue. The revenue will be used to develop the country. It also gives benefit to the citizen if the country developed well. Thus, by more smuggling activity occurs, it causes lot of country revenue loss. It is equal to a hard for the government to develop the country. To prevent or reducing the activity, Malaysian Custom can implement what has been done by the Singapore Customs (SC). SC has made â€Å"joint media released by Singapore Customs (SC) and Immigration and Checkpoints Authority (ICA)†. On these joint, the SC manage to arrested many smuggling attempt. One of the attempts is happen on 11 April 2009 at Tuas Checkpoint. The smuggler foiled a smuggling attempt using bricks to conceal illegal cigarettes. They done the operation as soon as they receive the information that there will be Malaysia-registered prime mover would be smuggling duty-unpaid cigarettes into Singapore. As the first line of defence towards the smuggling activity on Singapore region, ICA has intercepted the vehicle that is believed to be the smuggler. As the result, they found a total of 20,970 packets of cigarettes hidden beneath the floorboard of the centre column of the trailer. Officers had to drill and pry open the centre column of the trailer’s floorboard to expose the smuggled cigarettes. All the content in the vehicle was seized and the driver was arrested and punished using the Singapore Law. On the contrary, Malaysia first line of defence from smuggling activity is the custom itself. Thus, the custom can create a division for the immigration and check point authority to make the work flow more ease and efficient. They also must act fast as soon as they received the information. The custom must execute the law strictly. They must tighten up the security checks on the cargo or vehicles to prevent attempts to smuggle things. This is to prevent the loss of country revenue which helps the country to develop. Besides, custom side must aware with new techniques used by smuggler to smuggle things as they somehow will try to find a new way to smuggle their things. 3. As addition, I think the custom also can send their officer regularly to make exercise on checking cargo or goods pass the custom. This will ensure that they can do a full check on the cargo or goods fast and efficient without wasting time. This also can increase the quality of the custom and make the other country respect our custom. Besides, the custom also must select their officer carefully so that there will be no bribe case happen during the process of checking and pass the custom. This is to ensure that our custom not look down by the smuggler and other country custom.

Effect Of Subliminal Advertising: Children

Effect Of Subliminal Advertising: Children Many of us find the idea of subliminal messages altering our thought processes to be horrifying today. Often seen as akin to brainwashing, the notion that advertisers rely on subliminal messages to prey on childrens minds, demanding their attachment to some new cereal, toy, or game, is equally if not more disturbing to many people. Yet despite the protests of those against advertising to children, the effects of normal commercials are hardly subliminal, and hardly cause uncontrollable or irreversible change in disposition or desire. Additionally, though the effects of product placement in movies and television may more compellingly be seen as subliminal, and likely impact children more than adults, the effects of such advertising are not necessary severe, irreversible, or long-term for children. In this essay, I review research findings related to subliminal advertisings effects on children. I argue that while product placement in movies and television does technically qualify as subliminal advertising that can be seen to significantly effect children (unlike traditional commercial advertising, which does not technically produce subliminal effects), neither product placement nor commercial advertising has been proven to have irreparable unconscious or subconscious effects that vary according to age. While children are more vulnerable to product placement advertising as subliminal messaging than are adults, children should nonetheless not be seen as victims of brainwashing, but merely as less-informed or autonomous actors in a world where we can avoid advertisings effects by critically receiving messages and providing an alternative voice or message to those less informed around us. Subliminal Advertising Versus Commercial Advertising As Rogers points out in his historical examination of the idea of subliminal market advertising, the idea of the subliminal advertisement came about in the late 1950s, when it was suggested that data projected briefly on television would reach the consuming public subconsciously, rather than consciously, providing a qualitatively stronger effect that could be advantageous to marketers. Despite a lack of scientific validation for this claim, which one early critic likened to the idea that a whiff of a martini is worse than a swallow (qtd. in Rogers 13), the idea caught hold in the popular imagination that subliminal advertising strongly effected people without their knowing it, in favor of advertisers interests. In one movie theater where messages to eat popcorn and drink Coke were projected quickly (and therefore subliminally) on the screen, it was claimed that sales skyrocketed (Rogers 13). Yet this early experiment was not confirmed by third parties or conducted with an eye to potential limitations, and other variables were not carefully considered. Additionally, organizations concerned with protecting ordinary citizens from subliminal messages, such as the Federal Communications Commission, did not find in their experiments that such messages had strong or even noticeable effects (Rogers 15). Later research adhering more closely to scientific standards confirmed on the contrary that a strong stimulus produces a strong response, and a weak stimulus produces a weak response, implying that zero perception equals zero response, and so subliminal means in practical terms no effect' (Rogers 15). It has been argued nonetheless that for young children who may not recognize the difference between television programming and advertisements, commercials serve as subliminal advertising, effecting their beliefs and behaviors without their control. As Goldstein notes, the argument repeated in nearly every document on advertising to children assumesthat commercials create wants because young viewers do not understand advertising and are therefore particularly influenced by it (Children and Advertising 5). However, Goldsteins review of empirical research highlights evidence suggesting that advertising to children does not strongly effect their behavior or attitudes, in comparison with other sources of influence and socialization (Policy Implications). Parents and peers play a role in shaping children, which is arguably stronger than that of any commercial or corporation. As Goldstein writes, children learn to be consumers in the same way they are socialized into politics or acquire the ir attitudes about the sexes-from a variety of sources, including family, friends, teachers, and the mass media (Policy Implications 9). Additionally, no research indicates that not comprehending an advertisement as such gives it a stronger impact. As with the claim regarding subliminal messaging more generally, if you cannot comprehend something, then there is no reason why it would more strongly influence you than would something you can comprehend. As Goldstein argues, if children cannot extract the commercial message, they are not in a position to act on it (Policy Implications 5). Studies in different countries and contexts additionally confirm that commercials have little impact on young children, despite intuitive but anecdotal evidence of children identifying goods and toys on commercials as things they would like to possess (Goldstein, Children and Advertising 6).. Thus, while the research remains open to interpretation in this complex area of study, claims that commercials extraordinarily impact the youngest should not be taken as the ultimate truth. In summary, the idea of subliminal advertising having a strong effect on children or people in general due to its incomprehensibility is not strongly backed up by research, despite its initial appeal. Neither adults nor children are necessarily effected strongly by advertising messages they do not consciously recognize as advertising, while it seems likely on the contrary that subliminal advertisements not consciously received have little to no impact. Product placement within television programming or movies better fits the description of subliminal messaging, however, as it does have an impact, albeit a manageable one, on people (such as children) who fail to notice it. Product Placement: Subliminal Advertising that We Can Manage While images flashing across the screen effect adults little more than commercials that children do not recognize impact children, subliminal messaging is likely more effective in advertising through product placement, where characters in a movie or television series smoke a particular brand of cigarettes or drink a particular kind of soda, whose brand is one very minor message that easily goes unnoticed in the context of a plot line or other character or story development. Research shows there are effects to product placement that go beyond those associated with traditional forms of subliminal messaging. However, the effects of product placement on children are not necessarily severe or irreversible, leading most to conclude that this form of advertising is not much more of a serious problem for children than are regular commercial advertisements. Though product placement can be understood as non-subliminal as products usually have exposure time measured in seconds rather than milliseconds, making the message easy to see, if one is looking for it, product placement may be considered subliminal nonetheless, as its effects can be taken to be tacit or implicit because recollection of the brands may be unreliable or unavailable (Auty and Lewis, Delicious Paradox 118). Studies have found that children do respond to this sort of subliminal messaging. In one study, half of the children were shown a clip from the movie Home Alone where Pepsi Cola is spilled during a meal, while the other half were shown a similar clip without the branded soda. The majority of the children who saw the Pepsi Cola chose Pepsi over Coke in a later research session, while the majority of those who did not see the Pepsi label in the clip chose Coke. These findings lead Auty and Lewis to conclude that given the tendency of young children to watch videos of t heir favorite films over and over again, the findings have ethical implications for the use of product placement in films targeted at young children who have not yet acquired strategic processing skillsthey have been affected by the exposure in some preconscious way (Childrens Choice 713). Another hypothesis of this study was that younger children would be more vulnerable to product placement than older children. This was not found to be the case, suggesting that age is not a major factor impacting a childs vulnerability to product placement messaging. However, whether one has advertising literacy, which can only be developed at adolescence, does impact the effects of product placement on an individual. As Auty and Lewis write, it appears as if a sophisticated understanding of advertising will actually militate against effective commercial communications because it will stimulate a counterargument (Delicious Paradox 127). When one recognizes an advertisement as a form of attempted manipulation, this critical orientation can disincline one toward the message to buy or desire a particular good or service. Because one requires a certain level of cognitive maturity to understand product placement and other forms of advertising in a critical manner, age therefore becomes cr ucial to understanding how it is that adults but not children can become immune to such messaging. Auty and Lewis regard this as a delicious paradox of product placement as subliminal advertising: adults can guard against preconscious perceptions simply by noting the appearance of a produce as a placement with a commercial origin while children 8-12 years of age need cues to produce counterarguments, thus failing to understand the product placement as a commercial message (Delicious Paradox 128). It seems, therefore, that product placement in film does effect children more so than adults as a form of subliminal messaging. Thus, while it remains the case that unnoticed messages often have little to not effect on people whatever age they are, adults can develop a form of immunity to product placement as subliminal messaging, whereas children are vulnerable to this form of messaging, though its impact remains variable and difficult to understand in a conclusive manner. Such findings have led to much scrutiny particularly of product placement of alcohol or tobacco products in films or television shows accessible by children. In the 1980s many felt certain that such subliminal advertising was inappropriately impacting young people, encouraging them to make unhealthy decisions in the interests of businesses. Yet there remains hope that, as with other forms of subliminal advertising, the effects of product placement on young people can be managed by parental influence and other shapers of young peoples behaviors and attitudes. As Goldstein argues, the best predictors of smoking are whether ones parents and friends smoke (Policy Implications 9). Advertisers have no monopoly in their influence, and on the other hand one can identify countries where smoking is prevalent while people have little exposure to cigarette advertisements (Goldstein, Policy Implications 10), suggesting that the relationship between advertisements and behavior is hardly inevitable . Thus, one can teach their children to critically view media messages and otherwise help shape choice so that the media does not do this for them. In conclusion, there is little reason to be afraid of subliminal advertisings effects on children. Research suggests that at all ages that which one does not comprehend will have a small to nonexistent impact on his or her behavior, attitudes, and desires, which implies that children who watch advertisements that they do not understand are unlikely to be brainwashed or effected in a strong way by the messages. Neither children nor adults are significantly impacted by subliminal messages or other commercials that go unrecognized as such, and thus we have little to worry about when it comes to the effects of subliminal advertising on children. On the other hand, product placement today comes closer to fitting the definition of effective subliminal messaging, as information can be delivered without audience recognition to create an effect on uncritical minds. Clearly children are disadvantaged with regard to product placement as they are not able to recognize product placement as a means of behavior manipulation, and thus this remains a cause of concern for those who fear that children are at risk of taking up bad habits due to product placement of alcohol or cigarettes, for example. Nonetheless, as with other forms of subliminal advertising we cannot recognize or comprehend, we should not be too fearful of the effects of product placement on children as a form of subliminal advertising, as the media is only one of many factors influencing children, including parents, friends, and educators. Subliminal advertising, while it may exist, thus has only a minor impact on children, overall, against other factors vying for childre ns minds.

Shoplifting: A Hard Habit to Break Essay example -- Dialogue Essays

Shoplifting: A Hard Habit to Break Erik* walks up to me outside of the Diesel store on Newbury Street. â€Å"I needed new jeans,† he said. A little further away from the store he shows me the pants that cost about $150 in he store, he shoplifted or as he says "scooped" two pairs. Inside the bag with the pants are a few shirts and the shoes he is wearing he tells me he switched with shoes he had on. Erik is 22, he does it because he says he is feeding an addiction. His name has been changed for anonymity. â€Å"No drugs, I don’t drink, I’m in shape, but every day if I come home after work without something I have to go back out and get it,† he said. â€Å"I take things because I can’t stop,† he says. â€Å"A lot of it I end up giving away because I move a lot and I don’t need it.† Erik has lived in Boston, Washington, California, Georgia, and Florida in the last year. He’s either touring with bands or just traveling. â€Å"Right now I have a shopping list for over $300 in Banana Republic,† said Erik. â€Å"I get stuff for other people and they give me half of what it costs, I really don’t even need a real job.† According to the National Retail Security Survey and reported on retailindustry.com â€Å"total inventory shrinkage cost U.S. retailers $32.3 billion last year, up from $29 billion the year before.† $10 billion of this was attributed to shoplifting. â€Å"Most of my friends shoplift or at least they have in the past,† said Erik. â€Å"Some people ‘work for eBay’, they steal expensive things that are really random from a lot of stores. Like my friend Matt takes these boxes of drawing pens that are worth either $60 or $200 and sold them on eBay. Almost every state he’s lived in has made the transition of having them out in normal art stores to underneath Ple... ...op when she wants to. Erik has not been caught, but he knows the consequences of shoplifting. â€Å"You can go to jail for a long time if they want to put you away that bad, it’s also a federal offense so every time I’d apply for a job I’d have to say what I did.† Erik already has many misdemeanor charges in various states due to fighting. â€Å"I want to stop [shoplifting] but I can’t, most people don’t though, want to stop.† Although Jason Lane said most of the thefts are found out later on surveillance cameras retailindustry.com quotes Hayes, president of Loss Prevention Specialists, as saying that â€Å"technology is critical to maintaining low loss levels.† In their article he said, â€Å"Because shoplifters are largely targeting small, highly desirable merchandise, these retailers have increasingly turned to electronic article surveillance devices to protect their merchandise.†

Starbucks Value Proposition

The Starbucks Value Proposition Starbucks’ brand strategy was centred on its ‘Live Coffee’ mantra. Starbucks created an experience around the consumption of coffee. The three main components to this branding strategy were: [pic] Channels of Distribution Starbucks had stores in North America in high-traffic, high visibility settings such as retail centres, office buildings and colleges.Product mixes varied according to the store’s size and location. The retail product mix in North-American Company operated stores is given in the following diagram. [pic] Starbucks sold coffee through non-company-operated retail channels too which were called ‘Speciality Stores’ and accounted for 15% of its revenues, out of which the various sources contributing to the speciality store revenues is as given in the following diagram. [pic]Realizing that many customers (almost 40%) had tried Starbucks earlier before entering their company owned stores; they focussed on these speciality stores to establish relationships with the customers and establishing their brand amongst them. Starbucks Partners The employees at Starbucks are referred to as Partners. The number of employees was 60,000 worldwide, out of which 50,000 were in North America. Hourly-waged employees at Starbucks are called Baristas. Employee satisfaction is the point of concern at the firm.They are provided with health insurance and stock options. The company encouraged people promotion and thus the higher manager ranks were occupied by employees who had been working at the company since a long time. This encouraged the partners to work for a longer duration and work well in the firm. Employee turnover rate at Starbucks was just 70% compared with industry average of 300%. And the employee satisfaction level was 80%-90%. ‘Manager Stability’ was the key to these favourable results and it also helped in serving the customer in a much better way.

Alice Walker †flowers Essay

â€Å"The Flowers† is a story written by Alice Walker, in 1988. It’s a 3th-person narrator that tells the story. The story tells us about a girl, whose name is Myop. She lives near a forest in a cabin with her family. Sometimes she walks in the forest with her mother, they collect nuts among the fallen leaves – actually they have done it many times, so that’s why Myop knows the forest very well. One day she is out for one of these walks, but by herself. This day something is different in the forest, and Myop decides to go home, but suddenly there is a man†¦lying in the forest floor, just beside a wild pink rose. When first we meet Myop she is walking near her house, playing around with her stick making sounds, she is walking towards the forest. Myop is a ten-year-old girl, and it seems like she still is a bit naive and unaware of what is going on in the world. This I also therefor I think the name Myop maybe could come from the expression â€Å"myopia†, which means narrow sighted or shortsighted. Myopia causes that the image you see, when you look at something in a longer distance, it’s out of focus or most likely impossible to see. That day she was walking in the forest alone. She made her own path, going that way and that way, while she was collecting blue flowers. She was having fun all by herself. She seems very innocent, but also confident, because she is walking all by herself. Normally she likes to walk in the forest, and also this day until something changes, suddenly the forest doesn’t feel safe anymore, and as a reader you get a feeling of fear on the behalf of Myop. In the text there is written â€Å"the strangeness of the land made it not as pleasant as her usual haunts†(page 1 line 24). Here you begin thinking of what might happen since things suddenly are different than they use to. Myop is getting insecure and afraid, so she decides to walk back home to the house, but on her way home she stumbles over something. â€Å"It was then she stepped smack into his eyes. Her heel became lodged in the broken ridge between brow and nose, and she reached down quickly, unafraid, to free herself.†(page 1, line 26-29). This is possibly the first time Myop faces dead, until now she has been childish and a bit naive to the rest of the world. So I can’t image that she has been faced with something so serious like this before. The man she stumbles over I’m pretty sure have been an Afro-American. I say that because he was tall, had big bones and wore blue overalls, these things I mean prove that he was an Afro-American, because all of these things are typical for an Afro-American man and not a white man. Myop is also an Afro-American, this we hear in the text â€Å"the stick clutched in her dark brown hand†(page 1 line 9). Because of that it sort of takes a rotation in the story. I begin to think about White vs. Black people, and things like lynching or murder. There is a noose near the man, and that indicate that he might have been exposed to hanging/lynching. The fact that he isn’t buried is also a thing that makes me think of murder, and not a normal dead. And then there is the rose, there is only ONE pink rose, and it’s just beside the body of the man. This could might be a sign to the reader, that there maybe had been someone and laid it there, just like to a funeral where w e lay flowers on the grave. This almost convinces me of the fact that the man was killed, and there have been someone who loved him to say goodbye to him. In the end of the story Myop lays her own blue flowers beside the pink rose. I think it could be a sign that Myop has changed that day, she has seen some terrifying things, and involuntarily needed to handle and think of things, which actually what just what she needed. The walk in the forest possibly made her see that the world isn’t just all good, and that there is some things out in the real world, which is not what she expected – but it’s not bad that this happened to her, in a way it helped her grow away from being a kid. Some day we grow up and need to see the world in a different perspective, than we do as kids. This day was the day Myop mentally grew a bit older, and may started to see the world in a different way.

Magnetic Tape Essay

Magnetic tape is a medium for magnetic recording, made of a thin magnetizable coating on a long, narrow strip of plastic film. It was developed in Germany, based on magnetic wire recording. Devices that record and play back audio and video using magnetic tape are tape recorders and video tape recorders. A device that stores computer data on magnetic tape is a tape drivOver years, magnetic tape can suffer from deterioration called sticky-shed syndrome. Caused by absorption of moisture into the binder of the tape, it can render the tape unusable. Merits: Capacity * One of the key advantages of magnetic tape is its capacity for holding data. Magnetic tape was the first medium able to hold a feature-length movie on a small, inexpensive device, thus enabling the home video market of the 1980s. In addition, compact cassettes can hold music on both sides, giving them a 90-minute total playing time, which is even greater than most CDs. Editing * Magnetic tape is also easy to edit using a traditional linear-editing system. This can involve duplicating a portion of a tape to a master reel, or physically cutting the tape and attaching the desired portions together with glue, splicing cement or adhesive tape. Editing in this manner requires no special computer equipment and may be less expensive and/or easier to learn than nonlinear digital editing. DEMERITS: Generation Loss * One of the disadvantages of magnetic tape is generation loss, which refers to the fact that each successive copy of a tape loses quality compared to the original. This can make it difficult to use magnetic tape for editing-intensive projects, or when extremely high fidelity is important. Digital media, on the other hand, can be copied and reproduced indefinitely with no visible or audible difference between the original and any of its copies. Durability * Another problem with magnetic tape is its tendency to stretch out over time, causing the quality of the data to deteriorate. On old video tapes, this generally appears in the form of poor audio, and picture data can eventually suffer as well. Over time magnetic tape acquires a layer of magnetic debris from recording and playback heads, which may need to be cleaned periodically to continue functioning. Mechanical Complexity * The mechanical complexity needed to use magnetic tape is another disadvantage of the medium. Items like cassette and VHS tapes include two separate reels, as well as a mechanism for exposing a small portion of the tape inside a player or recording device. Reel-to-reel tape players use multiple motors and moving parts, each of which is susceptible to mechanical failure. In the realm of digital media, flash-based memory uses no moving parts, thus eliminating this problem. Advantages and Disadvantages of a USB Flash Drive February 27, 2012 Advantages and disadvantages Advantages Compared to hard drives, flash drives use little power, have no fragile moving parts, and for most capacities are small and light. Data stored on flash drives is impervious to mechanical shock, magnetic fields, scratches and dust. These properties make them suitable for transporting data from place to place and keeping the data readily at hand. Flash drives also store data densely compared to many removable media. In mid-2009, 256 GB drives became available, with the ability to hold many times more data than a DVD or even a Blu-ray disc,[2] Most personal computers support USB as of 2010. Flash drives implement the USB mass storage device class so that most modern operating systems can read and write to them without installing device drivers. The flash drives present a simple block-structured logical unit to the host operating system, hiding the individual complex implementation details of the various underlying flash memory devices. The operating system can use any file system or block addressing scheme. Some computers can boot up from flash drives. Specially manufactured flash drives are available that have a tough rubber or metal casing designed to be waterproof and virtually â€Å"unbreakable†. These flash drives retain their memory after being submerged in water, and even through a machine wash. Leaving such a flash drive out to dry completely before allowing current to run through it has been known to result in a working drive with no future problems. Channel Five‘s Gadget Show cooked one of these flash drives with propane, froze it with dry ice, submerged it in various acidic liquids, ran over it with a jeep and fired it against a wall with a mortar. A company specializing in recovering lost data from computer drives managed to recover all the data on the drive.[42] All data on the other removable storage devices tested, using optical or magnetic technologies, were destroyed. Disadvantages Main article: Flash memory#Limitations Like all flash memory devices, flash drives can sustain only a limited number of write and erase cycles before the drive fails.[43][unreliable source?][44] This should be a consideration when using a flash drive to run application software or an operating system. To address this, as well as space limitations, some developers have produced special versions of operating systems (such as Linux in Live USB)[45] or commonplace applications (such as Mozilla Firefox) designed to run from flash drives. These are typically optimized for size and configured to place temporary or intermediate files in the computer’s main RAM rather than store them temporarily on the flash drive. Most USB flash drives no longer include a write-protect mechanism, although a small number have a switch on the housing of the drive itself to keep the host computer from writing or modifying data on the drive. Write-protection makes a device suitable for repairing virus-contaminated host computers without risk o f infecting the USB flash drive itself. A write-locked SD card in a USB flash card reader adapter is an effective way to avoid any writes on the flash medium. The SD card as a WORM device has an essentially unlimited life. A drawback to the small size is that they are easily misplaced, left behind, or otherwise lost. This is a particular problem if the data they contain are sensitive (see data security). As a consequence, some manufacturers have added encryption hardware to their drives—although software encryption systems which can be used in conjunction with any mass storage medium achieve the same thing. Most drives can be attached to keychains, necklaces and lanyards. The USB plug is usually fitted with a removable and easily lost protective cap, or is retractable. USB flash drives are more expensive per unit of storage than large hard drives, but are less expensive in capacities of a few tens of gigabytes as of 2011 Maximum available capacity is increasing with time, but is less than larger hard drives. This balance is changing, but the rate of change is slowing.. Most USB based flash technology integrates a printed circuit board with a metal tip which is simply soldered on. As a result the stress point is where the two pieces join. Some manufacturers quality control does not ensure a proper solder temp further weakening the stress point. Since many Flash Drives stick out from a users laptop or PC they are likely to be bumped repeatedly in their life time and may break at the stress point. Most of the time a break at the stress point results in permanent damage to the printed circuit board where the joint is torn from the circuit. However, some manufacturers produce discreet flash drives that do not stick out and others use a solid metal uni-body that has no easily discernible stress point.

Paper phil Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Paper phil - Essay Example Hinduism also means the emergence of Vedas, in which the Upanishads were composed between the 7th and 3rd century and also it became a part of the Vedas. Buddhism was emerged as a part of Shramana movements, around the 5th century. â€Å"Hinduism has the belief of monotheistic (one God) as well as polytheistic (many Gods) elements: the one Supreme Being (Brahman) also exists simultaneously in the deities of the Creator (Brahma), the Reality or Sustainer (Vishnu) and the Destroyer (Shiva)† (Hinduism par.6). According to the Buddhism philosophy, there is no god which does not believe in the concept of god. â€Å"In fact, often those who scorn others, claiming some unconvincing excuse, are unable to look the target of their ridicule directly in the eye, perhaps because they see their ownselves there† (Ikeda & Nanda p.9). The reincarnation and ultimate salvation was taught by Buddhism and rejected Vedas of Hinduism. An important principle of Hinduism is the Law of Karma. It is the law of cause and effect in which each and every action should have a reaction, which will happen in the first life time or the next birth. Buddhism criticizes the religious value of sacrifice and giving importance to particular deities. Also they are denying Upanishads of Hinduism, where Upanishads contain the concept of one’s true self (atman) with the divine ground claimed that Individual’s existence does not have the quality of an imperishable, blissful self or atman. There are two great epics in Hinduism; they are Bhagavad Gita and Mahabharata which was composed in 6th and 7th century. Buddhism has the doctrines which were written in Pali –a canon text. Yoga is one of the important disciplines of Hinduism. Through Yoga, one can get a controlled body and mind. In Buddhism they have the concept for salvation which is depended on oneself and not to others. Traditional worship of God in Hinduism is known as pooja. There will be a pooja room in every Hindu’s house. â€Å"Hinduism is

Author study on Emily Dickinson Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Author study on Emily Dickinson - Essay Example On September 7, 1835, Emily begins education at West Center District School but later on, had to stop because of illness. When her parents decided to enroll her at Amherst Academy, Emily was too shy to enter the academy alone. Emily loved school but felt that she was old enough to attend Amherst Academy. She insisted on attending the academy with her sister Vinnie even Vinnie was still young. On September 7, 1840, Emily and Lavinia begin Amherst Academy (Kirk, xv). Emily never outgrew her shyness towards strangers but she was fun to be with and witty especially to those she had known well. People who know her accept her odd behaviors such as hiding in the woods so that no one can see her watching the first trip of the train on the railroad her father built. Emily completes her last year in Amherst Academy in August 10, 1847 and begins school at Mount Holyoke in September 30, 1847 where she began to write poetry (Kirk, xvi). Her Life as a Poet Emily has been writing poetry even when s he was in her teens. Nobody in her family was interested in writing except for her auntie Lavinia. Her aunt is fond of books, writing verse, and has independent turn of minds, unlike her mother. Perhaps, her aunt inspired her to write poetry (Sewall, 325). In 1847, Dickinson enrolled at Mount Holyoke Female Seminary and stayed only for a year. Dickinson became outrageously outstanding among her fellow classmates because of her refusal in every school’s Christians evangelical activities. Dickinson wrote in a poem, â€Å"Some keep the Sabbath going to church, I keep it staying home.† Emily Dickinson considers herself as a believer, but never joined the church. In a student assembly at Mount Holyoke, headmistress Mary Lyon asked all the students who wants to be Christian to stand up; only Emily did not. Her classmate, Clara Newman Turner, heard Emily saying that it was strange that she didn’t rise but it would be stranger if she lied (Sewall, 360). During her stay in Mount Holyoke, she felt very homesick and frequently write letters to her brother, Austin. On March 25, 1848, William Austin went to Mount Holyoke to bring back Emily to Amherst. Emily moved to Homestead and stayed there for the rest of her life (Bolin, 5). Emily became friends with Benjamin Newton. He is a law student studying with his father and admired Emily’s poetry. Unexpectedly, Ben died and Emily couldn’t believe it. This is the time when Emily started to write poems about death. Emily and her sister Vinnie never get married. They just stayed in their house, beside the house of their brother Austin and his wife, Sue. Emily hated household chores; that is why she is the cook and Vinnie took charge of housekeeping. With outgrowing shyness Emily had, she merely went out and spent time in town. She only socialized with her family and saw only visitors she chose to see. Later on, the town has made up odd stories about her. Since age forty, Emily only think of writ ing poetry. While all of the people are resting in the middle of the night, Emily was writing poems. Her poems were unusual, beyond reality, and reached possibilities. Poetry at that time was flowery. People find it unusual to like her poems because it is light and witty. She always wrote in lambic – poems written in rhythm or meter. Most of her poems have four stanzas and each stanza have four lines. Lines one

Response to Valedictorian Speech- Discussion on high school education Essay

Response to Valedictorian Speech- Discussion on high school education - Essay Example In this discussion about the American education system, the controversial issue is whether the academia has adequately prepared its students for the challenges of higher education. On one hand, Goldson argues that she is graduating at the top of her class only because she did her best to follow what she was told to do within the system that is already set up before her. On the other hand, the academia contends that they stress not only memorization, but also understanding, challenging, and innovating when engaging new ideas. My own view is that the potential to learn and probe cannot be suppressed if we do not allow it. I believe, too, that the academia does not wish to see its students fail to thrive in school. It is about time that people begin to see that grades do not make the person. Such thinking could lead the way towards, hopefully, important and effective

How does the Islamic religion influence Islamic law Essay

How does the Islamic religion influence Islamic law - Essay Example From the birth to the death, the Muslims across the globe hear the holy sounds of Quran. The holy Quran is regarded as the guide for the lives of all the Muslims across the globe. All Islamic principles and ethics are embedded in it. The finer aspects of Islam and the Islamic Law are ingrained in the holy Quran. The spread of the Islam in this world has been phenomenal. Starting from the cities of the Makkah and Madinah in the Arabian world, the message of the Islam spread at lightning speed. Within 100 years since the death of the Prophet Mohamed, the messages of Islam spread to three continents of the world. In the Western world, the ordinary believe is that that region of Islam has spread at electrifying pace through bloody wars. But this is not true. The sheer appeal of the new Islam religion enticed people to believe in Islamism. The unflinching belief in the existence of One God and the strong emphasis and trust upon His divinity led to large numbers of people embracing Islam. Another important feature of the Islam was that it never adopted the policy to forcefully covert people to Islamism. Even in the modern times, in many Muslim dominated areas in the world, the people of other religions like the Jews and the Christians continued to follow their own religious ideologies.2. Whatsoever, the Islams spread at a rapid pace. The Turks accepted Islamism peacefully. Besides this, many Malay-speaking people and many people in the Indian subcontinent embraced Islamism. Even in many countries in the African and the South American continent, which were under the powerful colonial rulers of the Europe, the Islamism continued to flourish3. It is estimated that the Muslim population throughout the world is in the range 0.7 to 1.8 billion. Nearly one-fourth of the people in the world are adherents of Islam whereas 33% of the world population follows Christianity—by far the largest religion in the world. Given the rising number of followers of Islam, it is estim ated that Muslim will be the largest religion in the world by the middle of the twenty first century4. Indonesia, Pakistan, India, Bangladesh and Nigeria are the most populous Muslim nations. Of the total Muslims in the world, 25% live in the Middle East. In the US, around 6 million people are Muslims5. Living in a multicultural society brings together people from all religious practices, cultures and religions. The impact of law is seen by the different behaviors of people and the consequences they face for their actions. For instance the controversies surrounding headscarves worn by students in Turkish educational institutions and death sentence imparted to women owing to illegal sexual liaisons raise questions in our mind with respect to the origin of such measures or consequences. For the Islamic countries adherence to the Islamic law is important for the social progress in these nations. The administrations are compelled to encounter a disaster of identity and finds its politic al legitimacy challenged such that they will have to alter the principles and the legal structure within the Islamic frame6. The government feels the pressure of incorporating tenets of the Islamic law into the system and therefore some Muslims recommend the realization of the Sharia or the â€Å"Islamization of prevalent law†. The term ‘sharia’ is an Arabic phrase for ‘track’ or ‘road’. â€Å"The term itself actually derives from the noun ‘shara’a’, which reflects the idea of ‘a system of divine law’†7. Susie Steiner (2002), the author of the article ‘